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More than 200 million workers travel abroad to work as maids, construction laborers and at other low-wage jobs. The money they send back home is often essential to their families' survival and homeland's economy.
A new University of Michigan study found that workers would save more money and make better financial decisions with their spouses if they attended a motivational talk about personal finance.
"This was a simple one-time talk that had a big impact," said study co-author Dean Yang, U-M associate professor of economics and public policy. "We are just beginning to understand the impact of these simple policies on the workers."
The amount of money migrants sent back home exceeded $400 billion in 2012. In Asia, many of the workers come from India, Indonesia and the Philippines, while the U.S. attracts a lot of labor from El Salvador, Mexico and other Latin American nations.
Published recently in the Journal of Development Economics, the study involved 200 migrant men from India's southwestern state of Kerala who were working in Doha, Qatar. The men, who came from different age groups, education levels and professions, were divided into a control group and a treatment group.
The latter group was given a motivational pep talk about saving by financial guru K.V. Shamsudheen, a Keralite and popular motivational speaker who runs his own radio show in the United Arab Emirates. He discussed why migrants needed to save more money and make joint decisions with their spouses.
"This was a short and targeted motivational session, unlike a class," Yang said. "Even though there wasn't much technical information, the hope was that the session would motivate the migrants to save more."
Yang and colleague Ganesh Sesan of Georgetown University in Qatar conducted follow-up surveys 13-17 months later to see if the workers were doing better with saving, sending money home and communicating with their wives.
They said the migrants reported a 30-percent increase in making financial decisions together with their wives, who also reported a significant increase in seeking out financial education for themselves.
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He was planning to be a lawyer because he didn't think visually impaired people like him could do high-tech jobs in India. But after discovering special technology that allows him to use computers, he changed his mind and now wants to be a software engineer. "I became crazy about computers. Now I want to do something with computers only," said the man, one of 176 people surveyed in India, Peru and Jordan about how their lives were changed by technology that enables blind people to use computers and other devices.
The study shows that assistive technology—screen readers and other communication software—can boost the economic and social aspirations of visually impaired people, enabling them to pursue work they once thought was impossible. The technology also makes them less marginalized in low- and middle-income countries, where they are often stuck at home or limited to low-skilled jobs.
"As one of our interviewees said, 'Technology may not do all the work, but it does create small wonders,'" said the study's author, Joyojeet Pal, an assistant professor in the School of Information at the University of Michigan.
Many of the respondents said they didn't know that a blind person could use a computer until early adulthood. Several only found out about assistive technology when they were applying for jobs either directly or through resource centers. Some of the most interesting comments from those interviewed included:
From Peru: "I learned how to use Windows, the Internet, I learned how to use Word and all that...For me, that was great. There was nothing else in the world. I had won the world with that."
From Jordan: "Without (assistive technology), persons with a disability will feel subhuman. At least when dealing with the computer...you do not feel that you are blind."
From India: "When I sit in the bank and work, customers who come to the bank realize that the (visually impaired) can work on the system seeing me. They go and spread this information in their neighborhood."
Pal believes that smart phones and other mobile devices will likely play an increasingly key role for visually impaired people in low- and middle-income countries where assistive technology for personal computers is limited due to cost and other factors. This issue was the focus of another study in Bangalore by Pal and co-author Meera Lakshmanan, an independent scholar.
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