With the fall of the Taliban Islamic Emirate, a new plan was laid out at the Bonn Conference to form a new government in Afghanistan. Among the 61 formal and informal members attending the conference, five were women. The Bonn Agreement addressed the role of women in the future of Afghanistan and emphasized the role of women in government. Women also took an active part in the formation of the emergency Loya Jirga. Out of the 501 representatives who participated in Loya Jirga, 160 were women.

With the establishment of a new political system in Afghanistan in 2001 women’s political participation in the country has been reevaluated. Efforts to establish a democratic system and the attention of the government to pave the ground for increasing women’s political and social activities led to a greater presence of women in the political and social arenas.

Women’s Political Participation Stipulated in the Constitution

In the Afghan constitution, with a positive approach to women’s rights, several articles are dedicated to women rights and their political participation. Considering the Articles (1, 4, 7, 22, 33, 67, 72, 83, 84, 118) of the Afghanistan Constitution it can be inferred that in this law, women’s political participation is recognized, guaranteed, and there is no serious obstacle towards women’s political participation. According to the constitution, at least 25 percent of members of parliament must be women, which is more compared to many Asian countries, also,women also make up 50 percent of the 34 members of the Meshrano Jirga (House of Elders) appointed by the president.